Binaural synthesis is a reproduction technique that enables auditory displays of virtual sound sources (VSSs) using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), which characterize the acoustic paths between a sound source and the listener’s eardrums and are therefore as unique as the head and pinna geometry. Since individual HRTF measurement is impractical for most applications, generic dummy-head […]

Geometrical acoustics simulations are an essential tool for predicting sound propagation in rooms and urban environments. A key requirement for physically accurate simulations is an appropriate representation of surface scattering to capture wave-related phenomena at surfaces. In current acoustic practice, surface reflection is commonly described by decomposing reflected sound energy into specular and scattered components, […]

Real-life listening is inherently complex. Everyday environments rarely provide clear speech in anechoic conditions. Instead, they often contain multiple partially masking sound sources, varying spatial configurations, and room acoustic reflections. Moreover, listeners typically rely not only on auditory, but also on visual cues, such as lip-movement, gestures, gaze, and embodiment. Thus, listening performance in such […]