Background noise poses a significant challenge in daily conversations, impacting short-term memory and listening effort. Existing studies often lack a realistic comparison between different types of background noise, particularly between intelligible and unintelligible noise. In German-speaking contexts, intelligible noise typically refers to recognizable German speech, while unintelligible noise includes traffic sounds, foreign languages, or non-semantic […]

It is frequently reported that children from different socioeconomic backgrounds perform differently in school. However, the factors mediating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cognitive outcomes remain an ongoing topic of research. This study investigates the extent to which SES inequalities influence speech perception and listening effort, two aspects that could be at the […]